Can you tell when someone who is actually afraid is trying to look angry? Can you tell when someone is feigning surprise? With the help of Unmasking the Face, you will be able to improve your recognition of the facial clues to emotion, increase your ability to detect "facial deceit," and develop a keener awareness of the way your own face reflects your emotions. Using scores of photographs of faces that reflect the emotions of surprise, fear, disgust, anger, happiness, and sadness, the authors of Unmasking the Face explain how to identify correctly these basic emotions and how to tell when people try to mask, simulate, or neutralize them. And, to help you better understand our own emotions and those of others, this book describes not only what these emotions look like when expressed on the face, but also what they feel like when you experience them. In addition, Unmasking the Face features several practical exercises that will help actors, teachers, salesmen, counselors, nurses, and physicians -- and everyone else who deals with people -- to become adept, perceptive readers of the facial expressions of emotion. Book jacket.
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There must have been a degree of surprise among mission controllers back at the Jet Propulsion Lab when the face appeared on their monitors. But the sensation was short lived. Scientists figured it was just another Martian mesa, common enough around Cydonia, only this one had unusual shadows that made it look like an Egyptian Pharaoh.
There are two main modalities to deliver these interventions. The insecticide-treated bed nets and seasonal malaria chemoprevention are delivered through population-wide campaigns while other interventions are delivered through patient/client-care mode. The implementation of these malaria programs is affected by travel restrictions, curfew, and the lockdown imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The enactment of these programs must consider the importance of both reducing malaria-related deaths and maintaining the safety of communities and health care providers. Activities should be organized in a way that avoids the gathering of people without abiding by the precautions for personal protection. Activities that increase the risk of COVID-19 or are difficult to implement without breaking protective measures should be stopped [67]. To ensure the continuity of country-based malaria program services, the national Malaria programs should adopt the COVID19-related recommendations that enhance the delivery of malaria control services with ensuring the safety of clients, patients, MoH personnel and service delivery teams, while continuing malaria prevention and case management activities to the greatest extent possible, i.e.: continuing to implement core vector control activities to the greatest extent possible, maintaining the continuity of access to care and active care-seeking for febrile illness and suspected malaria among the population, ensuring the appropriate testing and treatment of patients, and ensuring the delivery of existing programs involving the preventive use of antimalarial drugs among target populations by maintaining the agility of supply chain management, with a focus on pregnant women (delivering IPTp), children under 5 years of age in areas of highly seasonal malaria transmission (delivering SMC), and infants (delivering IPTi). Malaria prevention and treatment is even more important during the COVID-19 pandemic than under normal circumstances. In the face of that, all those procedures should be done while maintaining the safety of health workers and clients/patients in the context of COVID-19 transmission [68]. Finally, the national programs of malaria should also be ready to correct any misinformation, rumors, or misunderstanding like increasing the risk of contracting COVID-19 after using Chinese produced ITNs.
Patients with lesions to either the right or left hemisphere and control subjects were asked to descriminate photographs of faces and then to sort these photographs according to the identity of the face or the emotion displayed. Whether identity and emotion were correlated, independent, or constant was varied across trials. Patients with right hemisphere damage were significantly impaired at discriminating both identity and expression, and at selectively attending to either sort of facial information. However, these subjects could selectively attend to attributes of geometric figures suggesting that their impairment with faces cannot be attributed to deficits in selective attention in general.
Political polarization may undermine public policy response to collective risk, especially in periods of crisis when political actors have incentives to manipulate public perceptions. We study these dynamics in the U.S., focusing on how partisanship has influenced the use of face masks to stem the spread of COVID-19. Using a variety of approaches, we find partisanship is the single most important predictor of mask use and local policy interventions do not offset this relationship.
A low CD4 count before starting ART, advanced AIDS and prior opportunistic infections are considered to be potential risk factors for IRIS.[5] Although in leprosy patients type 1 reactions are more common, ENL was also reported rarely as IRIS.[6] We have diagnosed our case as IRIS presenting as ENL with unmasking as leprosy after satisfying above criteria.
We herewith report a case of IRIS in a HIV patient presenting as ENL with unmasking of lepromatous leprosy after 4 weeks of starting ART unlike Cusini et al., who reported IRIS after 13 months of ART.[6] Our observation shows that ENL may manifest as IRIS in HIV-infected patients as early as 4 weeks after initiation of ART depending on the type and degree of the immune recovery.
Under the Cal/OSHA emergency temporary standards, employers also must continue to provide face coverings to workers and ensure the masks are worn when there are orders in place requiring masking. Businesses may also continue to enforce more stringent requirements for their customers, guests, visitors, and/or workers if they prefer to do so.
Citation: Tsantani M, Podgajecka V, Gray KLH, Cook R (2022) How does the presence of a surgical face mask impair the perceived intensity of facial emotions? PLoS ONE 17(1): e0262344.
In 2020, many governments around the world introduced the mandatory wearing of face masks in public settings in an attempt to mitigate the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19). Within a few months, mask-wearing became the new norm in many countries. In the UK, 98% of adults reported the use of a face covering at the start of May 2021, compared with just 29% at the end of May 2020 [1, 2]. It is possible that the incidence of mask-wearing will remain above pre-pandemic levels for many years to come, as people around the world seek to limit the transmission of new variants. In light of this dramatic change in our day-to-day behaviour, it is important to understand the implications of mask-wearing for non-verbal communication and social interaction.
There is growing evidence that the presence of face masks hinders the recognition of facial expressions [25]. In a survey of UK adults on the impact of face masks on communication, participants reported difficulties interpreting the facial expressions of mask-wearers [26]. Several studies have also found that observers find it harder to categorise the facial expressions of masked faces, than of unmasked faces [23, 24, 27, 28]. For example, Noyes and colleagues [24] presented facial stimuli that were either angry, disgusted, fearful, happy, sad, surprised, or emotion neutral, for 1 sec. When the expression stimuli were presented unmasked, mean categorisation accuracy was higher (80.5%), than when faces were shown with a face mask (61.5%). The presence of a mask impaired recognition of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and surprise.
The present study sought to build on previous expression categorisation research by adopting a complementary emotion-intensity rating paradigm to further understand the effects of mask-wearing on expression interpretation. We sought to investigate how the presence of a surgical-type face mask affects the perceived emotional profile of prototypical facial expressions of happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, and surprise, and neutral expressions. For each of these facial expressions, we measured the perceived intensity of all six basic emotions. On the basis of previous research, it was hypothesised that the occlusion of the mouth region by face masks would result in lower intensity ratings for intended emotions.
One-hundred and twenty adult participants (Mage = 33.48, SDage = 10.81 years, 82 female) were recruited through Prolific (www.prolific.co). The study was created and hosted using the Gorilla Experiment Builder (www.gorilla.sc) [34] and participants completed the study using their own laptop or desktop computer. Data collection took place in February 2021. Participants were required to be between 18 and 60 years old, to have normal or corrected-to-normal vision, to have had no clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, and to have a Prolific study approval rate of 80% or higher. To ensure that participants had similar experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated use of face masks as a protective measure, participants were also required to be currently resident in the UK, and to not have travelled abroad in the previous 12 months. Six participants were replaced due to technical issues with image presentation: four reported that one or more of the images failed to load, and two showed problems with image calibration in the results output obtained from Gorilla. 2ff7e9595c
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